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Essence is a quality of a card, just like color. Think of them as orthogonal to colors. They are indicated on the type line as symbols before the supertypes.

Fractal

Fractal Creature - Human Warrior

Mystic

Mystic Instant

Psychic

Psychic Enchantment

Entropy

Entropy Legendary Creature - Dragon

Force

Force Land

First set only has Essence cards from its main colors. e.g. Fractal cards will only be found in GWU. Second set starts to mix and corrupt the Essences, but only dabbling. e.g. Fractal cards will be found in B and R, but majority of Fractal cards are still GWU. Third set will see cards with more than one Essences. e.g. a card that is both Fractal and Force.